海贼王

米最高裁が防いでも、トランプ大統領は止まらない_我的网站

一 |     KYIV -- Ukrainian forces are trying to hold off a major new Russian offensive operation in the strategic city of Avdiivka.Russia sent dozens of tanks and armored vehicles and thousands of troops into the assault, which started four days ago."They are hitting with everything they have. Yesterday a lot of armor was used, they came in columns. The assault isn’t stopping neither day or night," Vitaliy Barabash, the head of Avdiivka’s military administration, said on Ukrainian television.Russia has also launched smaller offensive operations at points all along the front line, intensifying an offensive near the city of Kupiansk, which Ukraine liberated last year, according to Ukrainian troops on the ground.But the main attack is on Avdiivka, which holds major strategic significance for both sides. Avdiivka is located close to Donetsk, the capital of the Russian-occupied Donetsk region.Ukraine heavily fortified the line at Avdiivka prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion last year, constructing deep trenches and a system of underground bunkers. As a result, Russian forces have barely advanced near the city.Russia now appears to be seeking to cut off Avdiivka and surround the Ukrainian forces inside its defenses."For the entire time of the war, there has never been such an offensive around Avdiivka, even though they’ve attacked Avdiivka since 2014," Oleksiy Dmitrashkivsky, chief spokesman for the Command of Ukraine's Territorial Defense Forces, told ABC News.He said two Russian battalions, numbering around 2,000 men and backed by dozens of tanks and other armored vehicles, had begun the attacks, pushing from the northwest and southwest. A massive artillery and air barrage had preceded the assault and has continued since, with frequent strikes on the city itself.So far the Russian assault has appeared to have gone badly, according to Ukrainian military officials and open source researchers tracking the losses.Barabash, Avdiivka’s military administration chief, said at least 40 Russian armored vehicles had been lost in two days. Videos circulating online of the attacks appeared to largely support those claims, with some open source researchers saying 30 to 50 Russian tanks and other vehicles had been damaged or destroyed.Ukraine’s general staff claimed over 1,000 Russian troops had been killed and injured since the new offensive operation began.The Institute for the Study of War said Russia had managed to capture roughly 4.52 square kilometers of territory from different directions around Avdiivka in the last three days."Russian forces have not secured any major breakthroughs near Avdiivka as of Oct. 12 and are unlikely to immediately cut off Ukrainian forces in the city," ISW wrote in its daily briefing Thursday.Ukrainian military officials said their troops have successfully held the lines, inflicting heavy casualties on the Russian attackers, though Ukrainian casualties were also large.The new Russian offensive -- the scale of which seemed to catch some analysts off-guard -- nonetheless was significant because it appears to show Russia's attempt to regain the initiative in the war."The Russians have decided that they can already start their own counterattack in [the Avdiivka] direction," Dmitrashkivsky said. "They are taking advantage of the fact that the attention of the whole world is on the events in Israel and they have started an active phase along the entire front line."He said the Russian attack near Avdiivka had involved a mixed force of paratroopers and poorly trained forces, as well as so-called Storm Z units -- detachments of convicts sent to fight."They were very weakly prepared and that showed in their losses," Dmitrashkivsky said.The attack had been exceptionally large, he added, requiring huge efforts from Ukrainian troops to blunt it.Most analysts believe Russia likely still lacks the manpower to make significant gains in an offensive, including around Avdiivka. But the push indicated Russia hopes to further blunt Ukraine’s counteroffensive with its own counterpunch, coming as the weather starts to worsen.Ukraine is continuing to press its own attacks in the southern Zaporizhzhia region where its counteroffensive is focused and around the city of Bakhmut.。    米連邦最高裁が「関税暴走」にブレーキをかけたが不確実性はかえって大きくなった。トランプ大統領がすぐに新たな関税カードを持ち出してだ。トランプ大統領は21日、自身の交流サイト（SNS）を通じ「世界的関税10％を許された最大値であり法的に検証された15％水準に引き上げる」と明らかにした。米最高裁は20日にトランプ大統領が国際緊急経済権限法（IEEPA）に基づいて各国に課した相互関税措置を違法だと判決した。最高裁が関税戦争にブレーキをかけたがトランプ大統領が方針を変える可能性は希薄だ。迂回路が十分だという判断からだ。

二 | 実際にトランプ大統領は最高裁の判決後、全世界に「世界的関税10％」を課す大統領令に署名した。貿易法122条に基づいたもので、既存の相互関税を代替する性格だ。続けて関税率も法が定めた最大値である15％まで引き上げた。貿易法122条の適用期間は150日で、延長するには議会の承認を受けなければならない。トランプ大統領の立場ではひとまず150日という時間を稼いだ。彼はこの日「今後数カ月以内に新しく法的に許される関税を決め発表するだろう」とした。関税カードをいくらでも使えるという圧迫だ。具体的に貿易法301条、通商拡大法232条などが議論される。貿易法301条は外国の不公正貿易慣行を調査した後に報復関税を課す制度だ。米通商代表部（USTR）のグリア代表も最高裁判決直後に「多くの貿易国を対象に貿易法301条に対する調査を始めるだろう」と話した。◇「25％圧迫」消えたが…「品目関税時は韓国にさらに影響」 品目関税を強化する可能性もある。

三 | 特定品目の輸入が国家安全保障を脅かすと判断される時に関税を課す通商拡大法232条を活用する案だ。韓国の主力輸出品の大部分が品目関税の射程圏にある。現代経済研究院のチュ・ウォン経済研究室長は「品目関税拡大局面へ進むならば相互関税より損失が拡大しかねない」と話す。一部では肯定的な解釈も出ている。最近韓国は対米投資遅延を理由に「関税を25％に再び引き上げる」という米国の圧力を受けていた。違法判決とともに一時的ではあるがこうした負担もまた消えた。韓国が米国に3500億ドル規模の投資をすることにしたが、相互関税自体が無効になっただけに投資合意も無効という解釈が可能だ。ただ韓国政府は対米投資をひとまず予定通りにすることに方向を定めた。造船業や原子力潜水艦など両国の戦略的合意とかみ合っているためだ。この日青瓦台（チョンワデ、韓国大統領府）と政府与党は通商懸案点検会議を開き、「与野党が合意した通り来月9日に対米投資特別法が処理されるよう最善を尽くす」と意見を集約した。国会対米投資特別委員会も24日に立法公聴会を開催するなど特別法制定手続きを進めることにした。ある元通商官僚は「米国内部の問題から始まっただけに韓国が急いだり先制的に動く必要はない。別の考えをすれば中間選挙までトランプ政権の圧力がさらに激しくなりえるだけに慎重で戦略的にアプローチしなければならない」とした。

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Published on:06:22:07